Actuators
Pneumatic actuators
Hydraulic actuators
Hydraulic hydrogel actuators and robots optically and sonically camouflaged in water ↗
A Dexterous, Glove-Based Teleoperable Low-Power Soft Robotic Arm for Delicate Deep-Sea Biological Exploration ↗
Exploration of underwater life with an acoustically controlled soft robotic fish ↗
Electrolytic vascular systems for energy-dense robots ↗
Dielectric elastomer actuators
Electrohydraulic actuators · HASEL
Hydraulically amplified self-healing electrostatic actuators with muscle-like performance ↗
Peano-HASEL actuators: Muscle-mimetic, electrohydraulic transducers that linearly contract on activation ↗
An Easy-to-Implement Toolkit to Create Versatile and High-Performance HASEL Actuators for Untethered Soft Robots ↗
How inhomogeneous zipping increases the force output of Peano-HASEL actuators ↗
Twisted & coiled polymer muscles
Liquid crystal elastomers · LCE
Voxelated liquid crystal elastomers ↗
Four-dimensional Printing of Liquid Crystal Elastomers ↗
3D Printing of Liquid Crystal Elastomeric Actuators with Spatially Programed Nematic Order ↗
Untethered soft robotic matter with passive control of shape morphing and propulsion ↗
Programmable and adaptive mechanics with liquid crystal polymer networks and elastomers ↗
Magnetic soft actuators
Biohybrid muscle actuators
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